Is there such a thing as "Intelligent Design? When one considers the vast complexity of the universe, it is natural to question its origin and how it was formed. Was it by some great design?

The galaxies, stars and planets are all made of matter. But what is "matter"? What is an atom? Why are objects attracted to one another by the force of gravity and what is gravity? Is there some supreme being that invented the universe? This question cannot be answered by science. However, there are various patterns that we now recognize by observation, measurement and physical models of science. In fact, sophisticated pattern recognition is being explored by scientists as a new scientific method of analysis for the complexity of outer space.

It has taken me 22 years of effort in solving various scientific mysteries, such as the secret of gravity and a new model of the atom. This venture has led me in different directions. There are some elements of the universe that complex and yet rather simple and elementary. It was quite surprising to discover how easy it was to derive Einstein's famous energy equation as based on electromagnetic field theory. There are some of elements of nature that appear to have been created by very intelligent designs. This is also true for some of the laws of physics, as determined from measurements.

The hydrogen atom consists of only two electric particles: an electron and a proton, and yet these little devices have some amazing properties. This atom can form itself from these two electric charges, and it can also be disassembled and later reassembled. Atoms communicate with one another, even at great distances although to a small degree. Some 80% of the universe is filled with hydrogen atoms, and most of the rest is an assemblage of electric particles in the form of plasma gases. Therefore, two of the primary elements of the universe are the electron and the proton, neither of which have ever been viewed (although we are getting close to having that capability). These little things deserve some consideration.

The electron and the proton gyrate, producing little electromagnetic whirlpools. The electron rotates one million, million million times a second (physicists may quibble about this high frequency estimate). We do not yet have the capability to measure this internal frequency. However, the wavelength is in the low ultraviolet region, which is the same aye of energy that escapes from an electron when blasted by high energy. The proton frequency is much higher, and its emission wavelength is correspondingly much shorter. This frequency also correlates with wavelength measurements from a proton that is bombarded with high-energy particles.

The affinity between the electron and the proton is very great. Unbelievably great . When atoms are blasted apart, the electrons and protons can separate from one another. In any type of matter there are generally many, many electrons and protons. In 12 grams of carbon-12, there are almost one million, million, million million atoms. If we pull those atoms apart and separate the electrons and protons, the force between them is more than enormous (see the penny puzzle).

In every atom, there are an even number of electrons and protons, so the external electric forces tend to cancel. However, there is a tiny bit of force that is left over that we know as "the force of gravity" (see The Secret of Gravity). This secret remains mostly a secret, since not many of these books have yet been sold. So with an equal number of electrons and protons, each atom consists of a number of hydrogen atoms (another way to look at the problem that physicists probably wouldn't appreciate). The neutron is simply a compressed hydrogen atom that is rather unstable by itself. The neutrons associate closely with the protons in an atom, so the nucleus can acquire additional neutrons, and the new atoms are called "isotopes". With these considerations, we can view all types of mass as an assemblage (of one sort or another) of hydrogen atoms. An atom can also gain or lose a few electrons, thus creating ions. The point is that all mass consists of electrons and protons and in pairs (hydrogen atoms).

The internal workings of these atoms can be incredibly complex, with all sorts of orbitals paths and resonances. That is my present endeavor, to analyze these workings. Nevertheless, it becomes clear that we need to understand hydrogen in order to understand the universe, and it only consists of two tiny particles! What an incredible design, and highly intelligent. The models of electrons, protons and atoms were all devised from a vastnumber of measurements. These measurements are of the force fields that surround them and the dynamic electromagnetic fields that they create. The antenna radiation equations date back at least to 1936 (Mesny), and they are extremely important and will go into to our "pantry" where we store our Intelligent Design components.

The two charges of the hydrogen atom are separated, and we call that a "electric dipole". This dipole has an electric field around it that can be, and has been, measured extensively. The two charges attract one another, and the closer they get, the greater the force. These properties are defined by a single mathematical equation that we call "Coulomb's Law". It is (arguably) the most important scientific relationship in existence, and yet it is quite old. It is a well-proven law and has always been highly accurate. It has hardly changed over the past years. The great scientist, Max Planck, called this and other such laws that maintain themselves with time "invariants", as is the case for his own famous radiation equation and quantum theory. Therefore, we can add these three items to our pantry, along with the electron and proton.

There are several more laws of importance that we will also need to support the concept of Intelligent Design. One of them states that "An object in motion tends to stay in motion". This is the law of 'Inertia". As to the laws of electromagnetism, we can add the law of "Biot-Savart" that relates the magnetic field that is created by moving electrons. Most all of the laws of electronic engineering depend on this law. Combining it with Coulomb's law results in the Lorentz Force equation, so we don't really need to add Lorentz's equation to our pantry. Another fundamental and important invariant is "The Law of Least Action" (may be called the "Law of Least-Known"). Planck described this law as interpreted by Helmholtz. It is much more complex and can be written in the form of an integral equation that represents the Conservation of Energy. The sum of the external work is equal to the extra energy expended in a process. There can be extra stored energy (in a system) that is not an essential part of this equation since it does no work and is not expended. Details on this can be found in Planck's Columbia Lectures, Lecture VII.

We can add Clausius's concept of "entropy" which expresses the preference in nature for a given energy state, and Boltzmann's Laws of Thermodynamics fpr gases and solids. We will then need the laws of probability, which have never been proven but work out quite well, since the motions of free atoms and electrons are probablistic.

In the field of electromagnetics, there are a number of fundamental laws and equations. However, most all of them depend upon the laws mentioned above, and we will not need them for our pantry, even though they are very useful. Max Planck's Radiation Equation is essential in assessing the characteristics of electron noise, heat radiation, physical and chemical stable energy states, and radiation from a heated body. We will also include Ohm's Law for electrical resistance, Gauss's Law for the magnetic field, Ampere's Law for electron current , Henry's Law for electrcal inductance, Faraday's laws of chemistry and electrical capacitance, Joule for defining energy. Bohr's theory for the atom is quite useful but has a fatal flaw. There are also a number of others that do not come to mind right now.

So that's it. The two main elements of the universe are the electron and the proton. Try them first, and if you are successful you will know a great deal about what the universe is all about. As to the inventor of this Intelligent Design - - - - - (to be continued at a later date).